Jack Russell Terrier

The Jack Russell Terrier is a super smart and super energetic little dog, which was developed 200 years ago in England. Throughout its history it was mostly used for fox hunting or as eradicator of agricultural vermin. With its difficult disposition and hyper activity this dog is better suited for an experienced dog owner.

The Jack Russell Terrier appeared as a distinct breed in southern England in the middle of the XVIII century and it was invented as a result of uphill work of Parson John Russell, a lifelong avid hunter. He created his own separate line of Fox Terrier that was praised for its tenacity in chasing foxes, its ability to keep up with hounds during the hunt and unique white coloration with just a few spots of dark tan over different parts of its body. The strong probability holds that apart from the Fox Terrier Russell also used in the breeding the Old White English Terrier and the Black and Tan Terrier. After the founder of the breed perished the breeding of the dog continued and gradually it required many fanciers in most parts of England. At that point it was most likely crossed with the Corgi, other terriers, and the Chihuahua.

It’s rather uncertain when the Jack Russell Terrier reached the United States of America but it was well established there by the 30s of the XX century. In the following decades a few breed clubs were organised with different views as the dog’s exterior, working qualities, and whether it should take part in conformation shows or preserve its status as a solely working dog. The Jack Russell Terrier Club of America (JRTCA) provides an autonomous registry and treats the breed exclusively as hunting dog while the Jack Russell Terrier Association of America strived to get it recognised by the American Kennel Club (AKC), which actually happened in 2000. In order to distinguish the breed from the dogs, which have been put on records with the JRTCA the American Kennel Club decided to register the breed under the name «the Parson Russell Terrier». The United Kennel Club (UKC) approved it in 1991 as the Jack Russell Terrier.

Many Jack Russell Terriers still serve as highly effective assistants in fox hunting. This dog has also proved its usefulness as a barn and farm dog. It participates with excellent results in such canine sports as Frisbee, flyball, and agility. In most cases the breed is kept as a companion dog in the families with very active lifestyle, which are glad to include it in their adventures.

The Jack Russell Terrier is endowed with boundless energy and the bright terrier individuality. It tends to be a highly independent animal meaning you shouldn’t expect from it an open demonstration of its love and devotion. Timely and extensive socialisation is an absolute must for the Jack Russell Terrier’s puppy otherwise it will grow in snappy and overall aggressive dog. This dog tolerates only older children who should play with it without harshness or excessive teasing. Moreover it’s not the dog, which knows the meaning of the word «share» and will definitely bite to defend its toy or food.

This breed is prone to display a great deal of wariness towards strangers and some specimens can become outright aggressive. This issue can be fixed with correct socialisation but it’s really hard to guarantee good manners of the Jack Russell Terrier 100% of times. This dog is remarkably territorial and will make a wonderful watch dog. With its level of aggressiveness it also can be trained into a fearless guard dog though its moderate size designates that it won’t be able to withstand of an assault of human adversary.

The Jack Russell Terrier is known to be one of the most dog aggressive breeds. This dog won’t back from confrontation with its counterpart no matter how big or powerful it is. Its authoritative nature makes it to claim to the dominative position in every group of dogs. It wouldn’t be wise to introduce this animal to the household with other living dog and even vast socialisation won’t ensure the absence of problems in the future. It’s worth to know that this dog also shows aggression to the canines of the opposite sex. The Jack Russell Terrier has an overwhelmingly strong hunting drive and presents a lethal danger for every creature smaller than it. Never leave this dog alone with other small animals without your close supervision. The vast majority of specimens will never be able to peacefully co-exist with a home cat even if they have been introduced to each other at an early age.

The most common problems for the breed include:

• legg perthes disease;
• patellar luxation;
• deafness;
• eyes problems;
• ataxia;
• myasthenia gravis;
• von Willebrands disease.

The grooming of the Jack Russell Terrier won’t take much time since it only requires occasional brushing preferably several times a week. The coat of the dog has three varieties which differentiate in amount of shedding. The rough coated specimens shed pretty intensely all the year around while the smooth coated members are rather seasonal shedders. The broken coated Jack Russell Terriers loose hair in average amount, which mostly depends on how broken its coat is.

The Jack Russell Terrier possesses a considerable potential in training as a highly smart and capable dog. This is why it appears in so many Hollywood shows. Unfortunately it can become quite a challenge for a trainer to fulfil this potential because of impressive stubbornness of this dog. The handler should assert its alpha status from the very first training session in order to earn full obedience of this dog.

This breed achieves better results in training when the handler relies only on reward-based techniques and tasty treats. The Jack Russell Terrier can become simply aggressive if treated with harshness during the learning process.

The Jack Russell Terrier demands unbelievingly high amount of exercise to keep it mentally and physically satisfied. Daily potty walk is certainly not enough and in this case the dog will be prone to manifest some deviations in its behaviour for example destructiveness or on-going barking.

The breed will feel itself most comfortable in rural surrounding in the house with spacious and securely enclosed yard. This dog also likes to take part in different canine competitions (flyball, obedience, Frisbee and agility). The Jack Russell Terrier won’t become a perfect pet for everyone since even the most active family can run ragged trying to satisfy its exercise needs.